Globally an increasing number of people arent getting sufficient sun exposure in order to produce substantial levels of vitamin d, increasing their risk of falling sick. Is vitamin b12 deficiency a risk factor for cardiovascular. Serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin d l of vitamin d deficiency. Previous studies have found that saudi arabia has a high burden of vitamin d deficiency and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of serum concentration of 25hydroxyvitamin d 25oh d with cvd in rural residents of henan province of china. Beyond skeletal health, accumulated evidence has linked vitamin d deficiency to cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Third, only patients at high risk for suffering a cvd event or those with vitamin d deficiency may benefit from vitamin d supplementation.
With the growing prevalence of vitamin d deficiency across the united states and its association with these leading causes of mortality, it has become more important than ever to delineate vitamin d s role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and use data to pinpoint established risk factors for vitamin d deficiency. It is associated with adverse healthrelated problems. Vitamin d deficiency, as well as cardiovascular diseases cvd and related risk factors are highly prevalent worldwide and frequently cooccur. Some risk factors for vitamin d deficiency have been observed and relate to sun exposure, dietary habits, and intestinal absorption. Current evidence suggests a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors with lower vitamin d levels. Vitamin d and cardiovascular disorders springerlink. Hsia et al reported that women with higher body mass index and multiple coronary heart disease risk factors had a lower risk for cvd events with calcium vitamin d. Vitamin d deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease circulation. Several prospective studies have suggested that vitamin d deficiency predisposes individuals to increased risk of incident hypertension, ihd, sudden cardiac death. Vitamin d supplements and prevention of cancer and. Vitamin d has various cardiovascular pleiotropic effects by activating its nuclear receptor in cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells and by regulating the reninangiotensin. Besides poor bone health, vitamin d deficiency can also be linked to multiple sclerosis, breast cancer, diabetes, heart disease. On the basis of genetic, metabolic, evolutionary, and clinical evidence we present here a unified pathogenetic and therapeutic approach. Now, scientists have confirmed that taking vitamin d supplements does not reduce the risk of.
Background vitamin d receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes. Jun 20, 2019 it is well established that vitamin d deficiency is a risk factor for the development of heart disease. Association between vitamin d and risk of cardiovascular disease in. Crosssectional studies have reported that vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased risk of cvd, including hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic. Aug 11, 2019 vitamin d is necessary for bone health but may also have many extraskeletal effects. Risk factors for developing vitamin d deficiency, or lower serum vitamin d concentrations, include an age 65 years, dark skin pigmentation, obesity from storage in adipose tissue, kidney and or liver disease, disorders affecting fat absorption e. A growing number of studies point to vitamin d deficiency as a risk factor for heart attacks, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease pad, strokes, and the conditions associated with cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Pdf vitamin d deficiency and risk of cardiovascular. It focuses on vitamin d in relation to cardiovascular disease, i. Vitamin d deficiency may cause cardiovascular events by a variety of possible biological mechanism. Here, we summarized the evidence for the association of vitamin d, cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, including coronary artery diseases.
Vitamin d deficiency has been associated with cvd risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis such as intimamedia thickness and coronary calcification as well as with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke as well as congestive heart. Vitamin d insufficiency is very common in the united states and worldwide. Role of vitamin d deficiency in cardiovascular disease heart. Inflammation it has been found that vitamin d deficiency is associated with inflammation, a negative response of the immune system. Vitamin d deficiency associated with markers of cardiovascular disease in children with obesity. Learn more from webmd about how to get plenty of vitamin d, and how to. Jun 17, 2019 many studies have confirmed an association between vitamin d deficiency and increased prevalence of cardiovascular events or mortality 15, 16. We all know that deficiency of vitamin d causes many health issues. Vitamin d has long been known to be an essential part of bone metabolism, although recent evidence suggests that vitamin d plays a key role in the pathophysiology of other diseases, including cvd, as well.
The prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in india in urban area 911% and in rural area 36%. Vitamin d nutritional status and the risk for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin d deficiency has also been linked to traditional risk factors for cvd such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus 37. Mechanisms by which vitamin d deficiency may confer increased cardiovascular risk include the development of electrolyte imbalances, pancreatic. Vitamin d requirements and risks of vitamin d deficiency. Vitamin d deficiency has been previously associated with poorer neuropsychological function, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and coronary artery disease. Vitamin d deficiency associated with dyslipidemia can contribute towards cardiovascular diseases.
Vitamin d is essential for healthy bones, and a lack of it can lead to health problems, including cardiovascular disease. Vitamin d deficiency is considered a risk factor for the pathogenesis of cvd, with childhood nutritional status of vitamin d being an important. Vitamin d deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Jan 29, 2008 randomized controlled trials of vitamin d supplmentation and risk of cardiovascular disease. The role of vitamin d in the regulation of bone metabolism has been well established. Low vitamin d levels favor atherosclerosis enabling vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, formation of foam cells, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Several recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin d insufficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease, risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Vitamin d is a fatsoluble vitamin that plays an important role in bone metabolism and seems to have some antiinflammatory and immunemodulating properties. Vitamin d deficiency y cardiovascular disease y postmenopausal women. Clinical studies have reported crosssectional associations between lower vitamin d levels and plasma renin activity, blood pressure, coronary artery calcification. Vitamin d supplementation may not reduce the risk of heart. This detailed guide addresses the role of vitamin d in the body, how much you need, deficiency signs and symptoms, risks. The vitamin d endocrine system has major effects on gene and protein expression in many cells and tissues related to the cardiovascular system.
There is growing recognition, however, that vitamin d has nonskeletal actions, which could have important implications for understanding the consequences of vitamin d deficiency. Association between vitamin d and risk of cardiovascular. Deficiency of this vitamin is associated with a variety of atherogenic processes that are mainly, but not exclusively, due to vitamin b12 deficiency induced hyperhomocysteinemia. But, does vitamin d deficiency mean higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin d deficiency is typically caused by inadequate cutaneous synthesis secondary to decreased exposure to sunlight.
International journal of medical science and innovative. Vitamin d benefits, foods, deficiency what is vitamin d and why do we need it. Several recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a strong association between vitamin d insufficiency and risk of cvd, risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Heart health vitamin d deficiency may be linked to a higher risk of high blood pressure hypertension as well as increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Request pdf vitamin d deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease vitamin d receptors have a broad tissue distribution that includes vascular smooth muscle, endothelium, and. Population studies demonstrate an unequivocal association between vitamin d deficiency and the prevalence of many chronic morbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease cvd and its risk factors. With high prevalence globally, vitamin d deficiency is not uncommon. Vitamin d is best known for its influence on skeletal health. Association between standardized vitamin 25ohd and.
Previous studies have suggested that vitamin d is associated with cardiovascular disease cvd, however, the relationship between vitamin d levels and cvd risk is still unclear. In epidemiologic studies, vitamin d deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Free fulltext vitamin d and cardiovascular disease mdpi. A growing number of studies point to vitamin d deficiency as a risk factor for heart attacks, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease pad, strokes, and the conditions associated with cardiovascular disease. Because the vitamin d receptor is present in multiple tissues, there has been interest in evaluating other potential functions of vitamin d, particularly, in cardiovascular diseases cvd. Oct 15, 2009 risk factors for vitamin d deficiency are listed in table 2. Osteomalacia is a disease in adults that results from vitamin d deficiency.
Because data on the association of vitamin d deficiency with cardiovascular disease risk. Mar 15, 2010 march 15, 2010 atlanta if you have low vitamin d levels, correcting the deficiency may reduce the risk for heart disease, new research suggests the studies build on the researchers. Given the early epidemiologic associations between vitamin d and hypertension, early studies of vitamin d supplementation have focused on vitamin d as a potential antihypertensive agent. Recognition and management of vitamin d deficiency american. In children, vitamin d deficiency causes rickets, a disease characterized by a failure of bone tissue to properly mineralize, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformities. Vitamin d is a fat soluble vitamin responsible for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis 88,89. Pdf vitamin d deficiency and risk for cardiovascular. Initial prospective studies have also demonstrated that vitamin d deficiency increases the risk of developing incident hypertension or sudden cardiac death in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Vitamin d deficiency in children may increase cardiovascular disease risk, which tends to manifest in childhood. The association of low vitamin d and cardiovascular diseases and. A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin d deficiency may adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Crosssectional studies have reported that vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart failure and ischemic heart disease.
Is vitamin d deficiency a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Older adults are at increased risk for vitamin d deficiency, largely due to reduced vitamin d intake and decreased cutaneous synthesis 77, 78. However, in recent years, many studies have demonstrated that its role extends far beyond bone health. Do lower vitamin d levels mean higher risk for cardiovascular disease. But research in recent decades also has looked at whether vitamin d levels affect cardiovascular disease, although with inconsistent results. Very few prospective clinical studies have been conducted to examine the effect of vitamin d supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Pdf vitamin d deficiency and cardiovascular disease in. Vitamin d deficiency is associated with risk of developing. Population studies demonstrate an unequivocal association between vitamin d deficiency and the prevalence of many chronic morbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease cvd and its risk. A unified theory of human cardiovascular disease leading.
Furthermore, in an analysis of nhanes iii 19881994, low vitamin d was associated with cardiovascular disease cvd 7 and select cvd risk. A number of studies have demonstrated that low serum 25oh d levels are closely linked with pad. It has been reported that vita min d deficiency could be associated with various cvds and their risk. We aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin d deficiency. Furthermore, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Vitamin d deficiency is related to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Evolving data indicate that vitamin d deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease cvd. In epidemiologic studies, vitamin d deficiency has been consistently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and hypertension.
In addition, recent epidemiologic studies have observed relationships between low vitamin d levels and multiple disease states. Rickets was first described in the mid17th century by british researchers 20,29. In this great dossier, we will talk about vitamin d benefits, the foods that contain it and the consequences of deficiency in this vitamin. The purpose of this article is to increase nps awareness of the link between vitamin d deficiency and cvd, and to assist with recommendations for screening and treatment in at risk patients. Vitamin d deficiency and risk for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin d supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk. Suzanne judd, mph, phd and vin tangpricha, md, phd. Vitamin d deficiency is reported to be associated with many chronic diseases, including cvd911. Importantly, there is a growing evidence that suggests vitamin d deficiency as a novel risk factor for cardiovas cular diseases cvds 8. Rickets and osteomalacia are the classical vitamin d deficiency diseases. Initial prospective studies have also demonstrated that vitamin d deficiency increases the risk of developing incident hypertension or sudden cardiac death in individuals with preexisting cvd.
The possibility of a causal link between vitamin d deficiency and cardiovascular disease is supported by biological plausibility, the demonstration of a temporal association, and the finding of a dose response between 25oh d deficiency and risk. Links between vitamin d deficiency and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological data are critical to the postulated link between low vitamin d and cardiovascular disease, so understanding the clinical determinants of circulating vitamin d levels is important in evaluating these data. Vitamin d deficiency is prevalent in most parts of the world. Low vitamin d levels are associated with increased overall and cardiovascular mortality, cancer incidence and. Vitamin d deficiency is related to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease and its risk. Vitamin d is mostly known for helping the body absorb calcium and contributing to bone health. Vitamin d deficiency is linked with heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Clinical correlates of circulating vitamin d levels. In summary, moderate to severe vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Review of calcium vitamin d cardiovascular disease june 2011 calcium without vitamin d increased heart risk by 30 percent jan 2011 heart attacks increased by 30% in those taking 500 mg of calcium without vitamin d. Further prospective studies may be warranted to determine whether correction of vitamin d deficiency could contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Foodbased strategies for enhancement of vitamin d status in the population could lower cardiovascular risk if a causal link between low vitamin status and.
Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency and associated risk. From the department of medicine, section of endocrinology, nutrition, and diabetes, the vitamin d, skin, and bone research laboratory, boston university medical center, boston. Researchers say a growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin d deficiency increases the risk of heart disease and is linked to other, wellknown heart disease risk factors. However, there is a controversy in the relationship between vitamin d deficiency and pad. In addition, many preclinical studies in animals with vitamin d deficiency or genetically silenced expression of the vitamin d receptor or vitamin d metabolizing. Vitamin d deficiency and coronary artery disease the association of vitamin d deficiency with coronary artery diseases cads have been investigated in many studies 4345. Abstract background it is unclear whether supplementation with vitamin d reduces the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and data from randomized trials are limited. The independent association between vitamin d deficiency and incident cardiovascular disease, while implying a causeeffect relationship, is complicated by the fact that low 25oh d levels may be a result of cardiovascular disorders rather than the cause of disease. There is increasing evidence that vitamin d deficiency may be an important and hitherto neglected factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Because the vitamin d receptor is present in multiple tissues, there has been interest in evaluating other potential functions of vitamin d, particularly, in cardiovascular diseases. Coronary artery disease is global health problem and consists of variety of heart illness. Vitamin d is an important prohormone for optimal intestinal calcium absorption for mineralization of bone. Characteristics of this disease are softening of the bones, leading to bending of the spine, bowing of the legs, proximal muscle weakness, bone fragility, and increased risk for fractures. Vitamin d deficiency and cardiovascular diseases scielo. Vitamin d deficiency and the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Association of vitamin d deficiency with cardiovascular.
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